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Kamaz Engine

Kamaz Engine

Body type of 'box', too, became a standard and has been used to 'combat' technicals until 1998. For the first time in KAMAZ rally were used 25 'wheels. The cabin was a 'corporate' white body and yellow-blue. And only since 1995 KAMAZ-MASTER become so familiar to us 'humped' shape and the white-blue color. Photo 3 – KAMAZ-49252 Photo 2 – Kamaz 49251 in 1995 year there were KAMAZ-49251 with the engine Cummins 14 500 hp (Photo 2) and KAMAZ-49252 with the engine YMZ-7E846 750 hp (Photo 3). Outwardly, they differed in that at KAMAZ with the Yaroslavl engine on the roof of the body were two exhaust pipes and two inlet (photo 4), and on a machine with a Cummins engine air intake pipe and one (photo 5).

Photo 4 – KAMAZ-49252 Photo 5 – Kamaz 49251 in 1997, appeared the next modification: KAMAZ-49255 with the engine YMZ-3E847 capacity of 1050 hp (Photo 6). Machines are constantly changed not only internally: to change the engine power, but apparently: there were 3 types of body type 'box' and about 4 options 'hunchback' body. Photo 6 – Kamaz 49255 Since 1998, the main 'combat' vehicle was KAMAZ-49252 with the engine JAMZ-7E846 capacity of 830 hp. KAMAZ has received new platform and body as well, according to the requirements of FIA, 20 'wheels instead of previously used 25' wheels. Here is how responsive the reliability of the Yaroslavl Engine Mechanical Engineer engines team 'KAMAZ-MASTER' M Myasoedov: 'The engine we have since 1997 in three seasons was 75,000 kilometers, was on three machines. This engine is lucky. He won the 'Master Rallye' in 1997.

After that the car was destroyed. Made another order the same engine – won the 2000 Rally 'Dakar – Cairo'. And this machine was dismantled. On a happy engine is already the third Kamaz won 'Dakar-2002'. We also have older engines YMZ veterans: one went 200,000 miles, the other – 150 000. They travel to 1995 and participated in fifteen or sixteen rally type 'Dakar'. Photo 7 – Kamaz 49256 in 2002 on the basis of KAMAZ-49252, a new modification of the KAMAZ-49256 with the engine YMZ-7E846 power of 830 hp (Photo 7). From previous versions it was different the fact that the engine was not placed in the 'base', and over the front axle in connection with the changing requirements of technical regulations for members of the group T4. And while these changes became known for only three months before the start of the rally Paris-Dakar, it has not prevented our riders with the honor to win it. Photo 8 – Kamaz-4911 The last modification – it appeared in 2002 KAMAZ-4911 (photo 8). Externally it is similar to its predecessor – KAMAZ-49256, and also has a motor located above the front axle, but at the same time and very different – a different transmission, gearbox, axles, drive … Also, unlike the previous model, this KAMAZ was ommologatsiyu FIA. In November, a month before the start of Paris-Dakar rally, he received a new body (photo 9). Photo 9 – Kamaz-4911 Here are the most important titles won by team "Kamaz-Master ': 1995 – winner of the' Master Rallye '

Engine and Transmission

Engine and Transmission

When the engine speed increases, the increase in the time decreases and at normal speed of the car it is missing, except for some experimental transmissions, in which attempts are made to create a rotor with variable guide vanes, which changes direction of flow of fluid to maintain its alignment and effect. These efforts in no way be called in vain, remember that many modern turbochargers have variable geometry vanes, and most modern engines, turbojet aircraft regulate the flow of the rotors, which are installed between each row of compressor blades in axial flow. Office of the increase of torque at all speeds will enable to reduce the number of gears in an automatic (AUTO), but several engineers reasoned that lighter gear to finish more than increasing the complexity of the design using torque converter with a variable geometry. NSovremenny torque – well proven and reliable component, it usually has the same diameter as the flywheel in a conventional transmission. Ring his "donut" is now more flat and looks more like an oval rather than an exact circle, which reduces its size (especially on front wheel drive cars with transverse engine), and without much loss of efficiency.

Most modern torque converters are also equipped with a locking device which eliminates the possibility of slipping when you turn on the highest transmission, which increases overall efficiency. Another vital component of a conventional automatic transmission (automatic transmission) is a planetary gear transmission, which uses long-established principle, although some confusion. The simple planetary gear set is from the central "sun" gear and outdoor gear in the form of rings, which are located inside the tooth, and these two gears are interconnected by means of several (usually three) of gears, called "satellites" mounted on a common frame.

Prostocar Rental

Prostocar Rental

Few of the customers rolling companies in Russia come to mind that the legal litigation sometimes last for months after the accident. "Understanding the peculiarities of the Russian market, we were not ready to apply the American business model, but chose to build it from scratch, given the mentality and needs of local customers," – says Yury Pronin, head of the Nizhny Novgorod office Prostocar. First of all, should make clear: in our country, car rental – a short-term measure, which has direct relevance to the special events in the lives of individuals (wedding, anniversary, prom night), and entire companies, such as corporate travel, meeting business associates at the airport (railway station, and so on). By becoming and choice: hire a limousine, representation sedans, minivans and minibuses. Rent also includes relatively long-term tenant to use the car (not less than one day) in everyday life, whether it be a trip to a picnic or a temporary substituting your own car during repair. It was a rental car option of us are interested and as an object of study.

It is believed that the leaders of any automotive industry in Russia are international companies. Similarly, in the case of rental: Hertz and Avis international for quite some time mastering the Russian market, although much of it is still concentrated in Moscow and St. Petersburg. This is not surprising, since capitals, most corporate customers and foreigners. Coming to Russia on business, they often reserves a car before arrival: signing a contract in another country and taking car rental company, pay attention to reputation and usability. The main activities of distribution companies is to work with corporate clients and private individuals. And if the first segment is sufficiently narrow and is already divided between the "old-timers of the market," then private customers using rental service – a piece of cake, not only for big players, but also for regional companies. Most often, their clients – it is the middle class who do not want to give up comfort travel by car during repair their own cars, guests of the city, small and medium-sized businesses.

Recycle

Recycle

The norms allow for a maximum of 275 g in any direction (for Snell – 300 g in the direction of the accelerometer settings). Further check the availability of different projections, rubber-like coating, flares and accessories. They should not obstruct the sliding of the helmet on the asphalt to eliminate the possibility of additional shocks falling into the potholes. A special device t hat to cover, reminiscent of sandpaper, and measures the rotational speed, which can cause potential harm. All tests are performed and with the integrals and with helmets with visors lift, which under no circumstances it should not open itself. Otherwise, the test will not be passed. Strap is tested separately: pre-load is pulled in the 30 kg (with strap should not stretch more than 35 mm), then an additional suspended load to 10 kg and dropped from a height of 75 cm, simulating the harsh burden on the break.

Permanent deformation should not exceed 25 mm. Straps with buckles, consisting of two metal rings, Recycle at break, after which the device must. Self-discovery and displacement of the strap fastener systems length adjustment is not allowed. Visor helmets must meet the requirements for the passage of ultraviolet rays, remain transparent and flexible at temperatures down to -20 C and withstand without failure impact test: the fall of the hammer weight pointed to three kilograms meter height. Other tests related to resistance to the abrasive effects, refraction (bending of the image), an adequate perception of red marks, yellow and blue. In our opinion, ECE standards are more realistic than Snell. Striving for perfection is infinite, and the technique will certainly become more complicated and cluttered with new requirements.

For example, based on measurements rotational acceleration of the head (as in car tests). And, of course, ventilation systems, such as medical tests prove that the increase in temperature of the head affects the reaction time and concentration. Today does not provide for ease of control helmet with glasses. Perhaps in the future will be measured and calculated as these aspects. As you can see, the current homologation ECE – not "for show", and only approved in this way can be considered a full copy protection. No matter how great the temptation to buy a helmet without the letter "E" in a circle, seduced by a ridiculous price or an interesting design in the style of Nazi helmets horns.

Service Centre

Service Centre

In the event of a marriage factory for replacement parts under warranty or money back please attach certificate issued service center, and a copy of the license Service Centre to carry out relevant work. Aftermarket auto parts manufactured by other companies in different countries under license, and sometimes without it, which have their own production capacity. The main advantage of non-original spare parts from the original is that it has a lower cost. There are even cases where unoriginal Avtozapchast costs two or three times cheaper than the original, often with very high quality. Many suppliers of non-original spare parts are both official subcontractors plants car manufacturers by delivering the most quality parts to the assembly line. By purchasing such goods, the buyer gets the money, close to the quality of original spare parts at a significantly lower price.

The downside is that unlike the original parts, supplied to the demanding domestic market car manufacturer, aftermarket parts are focused on the external market, less demanding of quality, but more demanding of the price. So suffers quality in the first place. Firstly, aftermarket parts usually have a shorter life, a higher percentage of marriage, greater variation in quality from batch to batch. Problem is exacerbated by a large number of substandard fakes. Secondly, all the same it is not original parts, not all have the manufacturer's recommendations, so their use entails a certain risk – reduction of the resource to change, deterioration of the parameters in some cases – the risk of failure associated components and assemblies. Third, the range of non-original parts incomparably smaller than the original. When you purchase required to carefully check the compatibility with the modification of your car. For example, the presence or absence of ABS typically involves the use of different types of brake pads that are not always agreed in the directories of manufacturers of non-original spare parts, and accuracy of the Directory often leaves much to be desired.

Aftermarket auto parts in the main demand among motorists, the financial opportunities that make you think before they purchase the necessary parts, which is still buy. Among the non-original parts come across a lot of decent products, they often do not differ from the original parts in their qualities. Many manufacturers of non-original spare parts reach in the production of high quality while maintaining reasonable prices. This allows them to compete with the original car parts for foreign cars without prejudice to the state of the car. We offer you just such stereotyped spare parts, auto parts tested, which allow you to significantly reduce the cost of repairing your car, not while saving on quality.

Evacuation Service Machine

Evacuation Service Machine

Every thing and every technical invention is its own special way of life. First, deny the very possibility of its existence. Then it all admire, and to understand his work is considered a prestigious and necessary. Ten years ago such a thing was computer equipment, and thirty years earlier to drive a car meant that you are fully versed in his unit. Ability to repair damage to the machine when it was not easy necessity, the sole condition of human existence as a motorist, there were no service centers or companies that provide services to evacuate.

Patched a few years, have changed and people running machines. Now, if occurrence of some extraordinary situation can not do without a service call a tow truck to help dovezti car to car service. What are the subtleties and nuances that will clarify the article. For a start, know the phone call in which you can call the service evacuation. Employee Service Department in the first place try to find out what type of car you have. This is significant because of the weight of the machine and its dimensions depends, a tow truck to come and what the price will be called for the evacuation. You also need to tell what transmission the car: manual or automatic. For the latter, strictly contraindicated to overtake them on the highway to a rope.

Having worked out all the details will tell you when to come tow. As a rule, is required from an hour to hour and a half, depending on geography. Also remember that for all manipulations with the machine you should be OK documents proving your right to possession and driving a car. Once you got back to his vehicle after the repairs and pay for the services you provide evacuation services, it is worth recalling the saying about the sled, which must be prepared in the summer. You should also come with the machine. If you do not have the necessary qualifications, you should seek the services of car service to get maintenance. Also, be sure to get at least a minimum set of tools that can help you with small breakdowns. Then you will not feel uncomfortable when you car for no apparent reason, do not stop and will not spoil your mood.

Coal Moving Bulldozers

Coal Moving Bulldozers

A bulldozer with specialized dumps for moving coal, wood chips and peat rear tractor ballast weight is suspended from acting as a counterweight. To work in extreme situations when clearing blockages in the MOE used bulldozers Komatsu with blade 8 and 81) reduced width, which fit into the railway gauge. This allows a high degree of willingness to work as bulldozers with an attached blade are in the open platform in anticipation of an order for shipment. On the bulldozers of the middle class traction firm Liebherr uses hydraulically reamer, which the cab can be installed at any angle to the dumps. When transporting Bulldozers on trailer reamer turn back, and blade fits into the envelope. Similar dumps applies firm Fiat-Kobelco. Dumps for garbage collection are designed to move the waste to landfills. The shape of this straight blade, with increased width and curvature of the surface of the front plate, as well as the height of the peak, roughly equal to the height of blade.

When using such dumps tractor units subject to additional alterations to protect them from sharp objects and abrasive materials, suspended behind the tractor ballast weights. These dumps provide firm Saterrillar , Dressta and Liebherr . Kustorezny Blade (V-shaped), produced Saterrillar and Komatsu, intended for clearing overgrown with shrubs and low forests of the areas under construction. Lowered into position in the form of angled blade cutter formed by two cutting blades, glide on the earth's surface, cut shrubs and small trees and dump them into the sides, forming a passage for equal widths of blade. Security fence as a steel frame protects the tractor from damage if dropped cut trees. Kustoreznye dumps are made by firms Rimco and Rome. Dumps-stubbing – either dumps lattice form with teeth or teeth that are attached to the front plate straight blade. They are designed to extraction from the soil of large stones and tree stumps and transporting them to close the distance.

The tractor is equipped with top of an additional protective barrier. Such dumps produced by "Saterrillar, Komatsu, Liebherr, Rimco and Rome. The right choice consumer bulldozer blade is the main condition for achieving the best possible performance. First of all, we should evaluate the possibility of digging the ground blade, traction and performance characteristics bulldozer. The possibility of digging the soil are determined by the ratio of the maximum traction bulldozer to the length of the knife blade. The higher the value, the more stable soils can develop a bulldozer. Traction characteristics bulldozer estimated its operating weight, design of Track and transmission. Speed characteristics determine the cycle time of a bulldozer. The smaller its value, the above shall be the rate of working and vehicle movements, and hence higher productivity bulldozer. Engine power, per 1 m3 of loose soil in a prism drawing, in practice, is used to estimate selection blade on the ability to move the material with a large working speed. Transportation speed, especially reversing determine the return time a bulldozer to the starting position.